Open Science and Intellectual Property Rights. How can they better interact? State of the art and reflections. Report of Study. European Commission.

Open science (OS) is considered the new paradigm for science and knowledge dissemination. OS fosters cooperative work and new ways of distributing knowledge by promoting effective data sharing (as early and broadly as possible) and a dynamic exchange of research outcomes, not only publications. On the other hand, intellectual property (IP) legislation seeks to balance the moral and economic rights of creators and inventors with the wider interests and needs of society. Managing knowledge outcomes in a new open research and innovation ecosystem is challenging and should become part of the EU’s IP strategy, underpinning EU policies with the new open science–open innovation paradigm

Multimodal dynamic response of the Buchnera aphidicola pLeu plasmid to variations in leucine demand of its host, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Aphids, important agricultural pests, can grow and reproduce thanks to their intimate symbiosis with the γ-proteobacterium Buchnera aphidicola that furnishes them with essential amino acids lacking in their phloem sap diet. To study how B. aphidicola, with its reduced genome containing very few transcriptional regulators, responds to variations in the metabolic requirements of its host, we concentrated on the leucine metabolic pathway. We show that leucine is a limiting factor for aphid growth and it displays a stimulatory feeding effect. Our metabolic analyses demonstrate that symbiotic aphids are able to respond to leucine starvation or excess by modulating the neosynthesis of this amino acid. At a molecular level, this response involves an early important transcriptional regulation (after 12 h of treatment) followed by a moderate change in the pLeu plasmid copy number. Both responses are no longer apparent after 7 days of treatment. These experimental data are discussed in the light of a re-annotation of the pLeu plasmid regulatory elements. Taken together, our data show that the response of B. aphidicola to the leucine demand of its host is multimodal and dynamically regulated, providing new insights concerning the genetic regulation capabilities of this bacterium in relation to its symbiotic functions

Reseñas iberoamericanas

Iberoamerican reviewsReseñas iberoamericana

Reseñas iberoamericanas

Reseñas iberoamericana

Inhibición de proliferación celular en eucariotas y activación de apoptosis en células humanas mediante el control transcripcional independiente de los genes procariotas kis y kid

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 27-06-200

Methods employing bacterial ParD kis/ParD kid toxin-antitoxin system for killing eukaryotic cells

Filing Date: 2000-07-17.-- Priority Data: GB 9916810 (1999-07-16).The present invention relates to killing cells, or at least impeding cell cycle progression. More particularly it relates to methods and means for attacking eukaryotic cells, such as tumour cells, with cytostatic, cytotoxic and/or cytopathic agents. Specifically, the present invention employs the ParD kid toxin and ParD kis antitoxin under appropriate control for selective cell cycle inhibition and/or killing of target cells

Biocompatible Films with Tailored Spectral Response for Prevention of DNA Damage in Skin Cells

Peer Reviewe

Gene and cell survival: lessons from prokaryotic plasmid R1

Plasmids are units of extrachromosomal genetic inheritance found in all kingdoms of life. They replicate autonomously and undergo stable propagation in their hosts. Despite their small size, plasmid replication and gene expression constitute a metabolic burden that compromises their stable maintenance in host cells. This pressure has driven the evolution of strategies to increase plasmid stability—a process accelerated by the ability of plasmids to transfer horizontally between cells and to exchange genetic material with their host and other resident episomal DNAs. These abilities drive the adaptability and diversity of plasmids and their host cells. Indeed, survival functions found in plasmids have chromosomal homologues that have an essential role in cellular responses to stress. An analysis of these functions in the prokaryotic plasmid R1, and of their intricate interrelationships, reveals remarkable overall similarities with other gene- and cell-survival strategies found within and beyond the prokaryotic world

La genómica, una herramienta para el mejoramiento contínuo de la efiencia reproductiva

In the profitability of livestock farms, the reproductive efficiency of the herd and particularly of the bull is of vital importance, since it is framed as an important parameter within animal production, because they help improve the quality of the progeny and reach high levels. of productivity. The study of genes and the genetic-molecular characterization of species through the identification of sequences and genetic markers, as well as their correlation with said characteristics, has become a useful tool for marker-assisted selection, which allows choose specimens with high reproductive efficiency, at any stage of their development, accelerating the processes of genetic improvement. The existing relationships between genes and the reproductive traits of the bull have been little studied or the scientific advances to date are not known, for this reason a compilation of the investigations carried out to date was made, to identify the genes related to the reproductive efficiency of the bull. bull. It is estimated that 2000 genes are involved in spermatogenesis, most are expressed in the testis participating in the reproductive processes of the bull, as well as 65 genes expressed in embryos derived from high fertility bulls with a high conception rate. The most studied genes are: GnRHR, growth hormone, CATSPER, protamine 1 and 2, TSPY, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), PARK2, GALNT13, CYCS, TFB2M, MEPCE, NDUFA1 and SFXN4.En la rentabilidad de las explotaciones pecuarias, tiene vital importancia la eficiencia reproductiva del hato y particularmente del toro, ya que se enmarca como un parámetro importante dentro de la producción animal, debido a que ayudan a mejorar la calidad de la progenie y alcanzar altos niveles de productividad. El estudio de los genes y la caracterización genético-molecular de las especies a través de la identificación de secuencias y de marcadores genéticos, así como su correlación con dichas características se ha convertido en una herramienta útil para la selección asistida por marcadores, lo que permite elejir ejemplares con alta eficiencia reproductiva, en cualquier etapa de su desarrollo, acelerando los procesos de mejoramiento genético. Las relaciones existentes entre genes y los rasgos reproductivos del toro han sido poco estudiados o no se conoce los avances científicos hasta la fecha, por esto se hizo una recopilación de las investigaciones realizadas hasta el momento, para identificar los genes relacionados con la eficiencia reproductiva del toro. Se estima que 2000 genes, están involucrados en espermatogénesis, la mayoría se expresan en el testículo participando en los procesos reproductivos del toro, así también 65 genes se expresaron en embriones derivados de toros de alta fertilidad con alta tasa de concepción. Los genes más estudiados son: GnRHR, hormona de crecimiento, CATSPER, protamina 1 y 2, TSPY, glutatión-S-transferasa (GST), glutatión-S-transferasa M1 (GSTM1), PARK2, GALNT13, CYCS, TFB2M, MEPCE, NDUFA1 y SFXN4.Na rentabilidade das explorações pecuárias, a eficiência reprodutiva do rebanho e particularmente do touro é de vital importância, uma vez que se enquadra como um parâmetro importante dentro da produção animal, pois ajudam a melhorar a qualidade da prole e atingem níveis elevados. produtividade. O estudo de genes e a caracterização genético-molecular de espécies através da identificação de sequências e marcadores genéticos, bem como sua correlação com essas características, tornou-se uma ferramenta útil para a seleção assistida por marcadores, que permite escolher espécimes com alta eficiência reprodutiva, em qualquer fase de seu desenvolvimento, acelerando os processos de melhoramento genético. As relações existentes entre os genes e as características reprodutivas do touro têm sido pouco estudadas ou os avanços científicos até à data não são conhecidos, por isso foi feita uma compilação das investigações realizadas até à data, para identificar os genes relacionados com a eficiência reprodutiva do touro. touro. Estima-se que 2.000 genes estejam envolvidos na espermatogênese, a maioria expressos nos testículos que participam dos processos reprodutivos do touro, assim como 65 genes expressos em embriões derivados de touros de alta fertilidade com alta taxa de concepção. Os genes mais estudados são: GnRHR, hormônio do crescimento, CATSPER, protamina 1 e 2, TSPY, glutationa-S-transferase (GST), glutationa-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), PARK2, GALNT13, CYCS, TFB2M, MEPCE, NDUFA1 e SFXN4

Regulatable killing of eukaryotic cells by the prokaryotic proteins Kid and Kis

Plasmid R1 inhibits growth of bacteria by synthesizing an inhibitor of cell proliferation, Kid, and a neutralizing antidote, Kis, which binds tightly to the toxin. Here we report that this toxin and antidote, which have evolved to function in bacteria, also function efficiently in a wide range of eukaryotes. Kid inhibits cell proliferation in yeast, Xenopus laevis and human cells, whilst Kis protects. Moreover, we show that Kid triggers apoptosis in human cells. These effects can be regulated in vivo by modulating the relative amounts of antidote and toxin using inducible eukaryotic promoters for independent transcriptional control of their genes. These findings allow highly regulatable, selective killing of eukaryotic cells, and could be applied to eliminate cancer cells or specific cell lineages in development